Reference library

English reference lists you can keep

A reference list is the page you come back to. Not a lesson you read once and finish, and not a quiz you take and forget — the table you open again on Thursday because you cannot remember whether it is lain or laid.

There are four here. Every entry in every one of them is drawn from the material this site already teaches, every entry can be played aloud, and every list has a printable version for a wall or a folder.

Two people at a desk stacked with books, tabbed bookmarks, a pinned note, a memo and a magnifying glass — the four reference lists as a working shelf.
Four lists363 entries in totalAudio throughoutA PDF on every page

The four lists

Each one is complete, each one is drawn from the material this site teaches, and each one prints.

Four cards: an irregular verb sheet with 144 verbs, an idiom card with 60 idioms, a phrasebook with 105 everyday phrases, and a signpost for the 45 prepositions.
Four lists, and every entry in them is drawn from material this site already teaches — the verb forms cross-checked against the A2 lesson, the idioms and phrases resolved against the 5,500-word vocabulary catalogue. Nothing here is a list assembled for the sake of having one.

What these four lists are, and what they are not

These are indexes, not lessons. A lesson takes one structure and teaches it in order: rule, examples, mistakes, practice. A reference list takes everything of one kind and lays it out so you can find a single item in three seconds. The two need each other — a table teaches nobody on its own, and a lesson you cannot look things up in gets forgotten between sessions — which is why every row on every list here links back into the lesson or word list it came from.

They are also, deliberately, complete. It is easy to publish "the 50 most common irregular verbs" and stop; it is more useful to publish the whole set, mark which twenty to learn first, and let the reader see the shape of the thing. The same goes for the idiom index, which carries every idiom this site teaches rather than a selection of the famous ones.

What none of them do is guess. Where a figure or a tag is missing — a verb that appears nowhere else on this site, an idiom whose register genuinely depends on who you are speaking to — the gap is left visible and explained, because a filled-in cell that nobody checked is worse than an empty one.

How to work with a reference list

Do not read them. That sounds odd on a page recommending four of them, but a reference list read front to back produces the illusion of learning and none of the substance: you finish the irregular verb table remembering the first eight verbs and none of the other hundred and thirty.

Use them three ways instead. Look things up — that is what they are for, and the search inside your browser will find any row on any of these pages instantly. Take a slice — one pattern group, one situation, one letter of the alphabet — and learn that slice properly, out loud, before touching the next. And print one, because a list on a wall gets read in the gaps of a day, which is more repetitions than any study session you will actually sit down for.

The one thing worth doing in order is the irregular verbs, and only the first twenty. Those twenty appear in more sentences than the other hundred and twenty put together.

Every list on this page prints

Each of the four carries a PDF built from exactly the same data as the page — no watermark, no email address, no account. They are A4, they are laid out for a monochrome classroom printer, and the column headers repeat on every page so the third sheet of a long table is still readable.

If you teach, they sit alongside the ninety printable exercise worksheets in the teachers' library: a reference sheet on the wall and a worksheet on the desk are the two halves of the same lesson.

The rest of the free library

Reference lists are one shelf. These are the others — the lessons the lists point back into, and the printables that go with them.

Frequently asked questions

Are these lists free to print and use in class?

Yes. Every list on this page has a PDF version, and you may print it, photocopy it and hand it out in your lessons. What you may not do is republish it as your own or sell it; the same terms cover the ninety printable worksheets.

How are these different from the grammar lessons?

A lesson teaches one thing in order and asks you to practise it. A reference list lays out everything of one kind so you can find a single entry quickly. Every row here links back to the lesson that teaches it properly.

Where does the data in these lists come from?

From this site's own material: the vocabulary catalogue of 5,500 words with their pronunciation and example sentences, and the grammar lessons behind the exercise banks. The verb forms and the preposition tables are the one exception — those are written down and reviewed, because no word list holds a verb paradigm.

Does the audio work on a phone?

Yes, wherever the browser supports speech synthesis, which covers current versions of Chrome, Safari, Edge and Firefox. The voice is synthetic rather than a recording, and every entry also carries its written pronunciation, so the lists work with the sound off.