Environment & Nature — C1 English Vocabulary
- #C1
- #DailyLife
- #Flashcards
- #Examples
- #Pronunciation
This C1 vocabulary list gathers 60 advanced English words about environment & nature — ecosystems, climate and conservation. Every word comes with its British-English pronunciation and a natural example sentence, so you learn each one in real context. When you are ready, open the flashcards to practise and remember them for good.
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biome/ˈbaɪ.əʊm/
“The desert is a harsh biome.”
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biosphere/ˈbaɪ.ə.sfɪə/
“Life fills the biosphere.”
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food chain/ˈfuːd tʃeɪn/
“Sharks sit atop the food chain.”
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apex predator/ˈeɪ.peks ˌpred.ə.tə/
“The lion is an apex predator.”
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herbivore/ˈhɜː.bɪ.vɔː/
“A cow is a herbivore.”
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carnivore/ˈkɑː.nɪ.vɔː/
“A wolf is a carnivore.”
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omnivore/ˈɒm.nɪ.vɔː/
“A bear is an omnivore.”
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predator/ˈpred.ə.tə/
“The predator stalked its prey.”
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prey/preɪ/
“The eagle spotted its prey.”
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ecology/iˈkɒl.ə.dʒi/
“She studies marine ecology.”
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regenerative/rɪˈdʒen.ər.ə.tɪv/
“They practise regenerative farming.”
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carbon sink/ˈkɑː.bən sɪŋk/
“Forests act as a carbon sink.”
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sequestration/ˌsiː.kwesˈtreɪ.ʃən/
“Carbon sequestration buries CO2.”
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permafrost/ˈpɜː.mə.frɒst/
“The permafrost is thawing.”
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tundra/ˈtʌn.drə/
“Few plants grow on the tundra.”
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savannah/səˈvæn.ə/
“Elephants roam the savannah.”
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coral reef/ˈkɒr.əl riːf/
“The coral reef is dying.”
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mangrove/ˈmæŋ.ɡrəʊv/
“Mangrove swamps protect the coast.”
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estuary/ˈes.tʃu.ər.i/
“Birds feed in the estuary.”
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catchment/ˈkætʃ.mənt/
“The river’s catchment is huge.”
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tributary/ˈtrɪb.jə.tər.i/
“The stream is a tributary of the Nile.”
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silt/sɪlt/
“The river deposited rich silt.”
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fertile/ˈfɜː.taɪl/
“The valley soil is fertile.”
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arid/ˈær.ɪd/
“It is an arid region.”
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temperate/ˈtem.pər.ət/
“Britain has a temperate climate.”
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tropical/ˈtrɒp.ɪ.kəl/
“Tropical storms hit the coast.”
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monsoon/mɒnˈsuːn/
“The monsoon flooded the fields.”
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stratosphere/ˈstræt.ə.sfɪə/
“Ozone sits in the stratosphere.”
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greenhouse gas/ˈɡriːn.haʊs ɡæs/
“Methane is a greenhouse gas.”
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rewilding/ˌriːˈwaɪl.dɪŋ/
“Rewilding brought back the beavers.”
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reforestation/riːˌfɒr.ɪˈsteɪ.ʃən/
“Reforestation restores the land.”
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afforestation/əˌfɒr.ɪˈsteɪ.ʃən/
“Afforestation greens the desert.”
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overfishing/ˌəʊ.vəˈfɪʃ.ɪŋ/
“Overfishing emptied the seas.”
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poaching/ˈpəʊ.tʃɪŋ/
“Poaching threatens the rhino.”
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imperilled/ɪmˈper.əld/
“The species is imperilled.”
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invasive/ɪnˈveɪ.sɪv/
“The plant is an invasive species.”
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endemic/enˈdem.ɪk/
“The lizard is endemic to the island.”
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flora/ˈflɔː.rə/
“The island has unique flora.”
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fauna/ˈfɔː.nə/
“The reserve protects local fauna.”
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pollinate/ˈpɒl.ɪ.neɪt/
“Bees pollinate the crops.”
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germinate/ˈdʒɜː.mɪ.neɪt/
“The seeds will germinate in spring.”
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decompose/ˌdiː.kəmˈpəʊz/
“Leaves decompose into soil.”
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biodegrade/ˌbaɪ.əʊ.dɪˈɡreɪd/
“These cups biodegrade quickly.”
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particulate/pəˈtɪk.jə.lət/
“Particulate pollution harms lungs.”
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microclimate/ˈmaɪ.krəʊˌklaɪ.mət/
“The garden has its own microclimate.”
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desertification/dɪˌzɜː.tɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/
“Desertification spreads south.”
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fertiliser/ˈfɜː.tɪ.laɪ.zə/
“Too much fertiliser pollutes rivers.”
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pesticide/ˈpes.tɪ.saɪd/
“Pesticide killed the bees.”
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runoff/ˈrʌn.ɒf/
“Farm runoff entered the lake.”
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acidification/əˌsɪd.ɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/
“Ocean acidification harms shellfish.”
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decarbonise/diːˈkɑː.bən.aɪz/
“Nations pledge to decarbonise.”
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biomass/ˈbaɪ.əʊ.mæs/
“They burn biomass for heat.”
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conservationist/ˌkɒn.səˈveɪ.ʃən.ɪst/
“A conservationist led the project.”
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migratory/ˈmaɪ.ɡrə.tər.i/
“Migratory birds pass through.”
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burrow/ˈbʌr.əʊ/
“The rabbit dug a burrow.”
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symbiosis/ˌsɪm.baɪˈəʊ.sɪs/
“The two species live in symbiosis.”
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resilient/rɪˈzɪl.i.ənt/
“The forest is remarkably resilient.”
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smokestack/ˈsməʊk.stæk/
“The smokestack belched fumes.”
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wilderness/ˈwɪl.də.nəs/
“They hiked deep into the wilderness.”
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conservancy/kənˈsɜː.vən.si/
“The land is run by a conservancy.”