C1 · Advanced

Formal & Academic Register — C1 English Vocabulary

This C1 vocabulary list gathers 60 advanced English words about formal & academic register — the language of essays, law and officialdom. Every word comes with its British-English pronunciation and a natural example sentence, so you learn each one in real context. When you are ready, open the flashcards to practise and remember them for good.

  1. henceforth/ˌhensˈfɔːθ/

    “Henceforth, all reports must be digital.”

  2. heretofore/ˌhɪə.tuːˈfɔː/

    “Heretofore, the rule was rarely enforced.”

  3. notwithstanding/ˌnɒt.wɪðˈstæn.dɪŋ/

    “Notwithstanding the cost, they proceeded.”

  4. albeit/ɔːlˈbiː.ɪt/

    “It was a success, albeit a modest one.”

  5. hereby/ˌhɪəˈbaɪ/

    “I hereby declare the meeting open.”

  6. aforementioned/əˌfɔːˈmen.ʃənd/

    “The aforementioned points still stand.”

  7. pertaining/pəˈteɪ.nɪŋ/

    “Documents pertaining to the case were lost.”

  8. thereof/ˌðeərˈɒv/

    “The contract and the terms thereof apply.”

  9. whereby/weəˈbaɪ/

    “It is a system whereby everyone benefits.”

  10. wherein/weərˈɪn/

    “A situation wherein no one wins.”

  11. insofar/ˌɪn.səʊˈfɑː/

    “Insofar as I know, it is true.”

  12. forthwith/ˌfɔːθˈwɪð/

    “Payment is due forthwith.”

  13. hitherto/ˌhɪð.əˈtuː/

    “Hitherto unknown facts emerged.”

  14. ascertain/ˌæs.əˈteɪn/

    “We must ascertain the facts.”

  15. stipulate/ˈstɪp.jə.leɪt/

    “The rules stipulate a dress code.”

  16. delineate/dɪˈlɪn.i.eɪt/

    “These notes delineate the plan.”

  17. expedite/ˈek.spə.daɪt/

    “We will expedite your request.”

  18. endeavour/ɪnˈdev.ə/

    “We endeavour to help all clients.”

  19. commence/kəˈmens/

    “The ceremony will commence at noon.”

  20. cease/siːs/

    “All work must cease by five.”

  21. purport/pəˈpɔːt/

    “The documents purport to be genuine.”

  22. construe/kənˈstruː/

    “His silence was hard to construe.”

  23. preclude/prɪˈkluːd/

    “Illness may preclude his attendance.”

  24. necessitate/nəˈses.ɪ.teɪt/

    “The change will necessitate training.”

  25. substantiate/səbˈstæn.ʃi.eɪt/

    “He could not substantiate the claim.”

  26. corroborate/kəˈrɒb.ə.reɪt/

    “Two witnesses corroborate the story.”

  27. elucidate/ɪˈluː.sɪ.deɪt/

    “Please elucidate your reasoning.”

  28. expound/ɪkˈspaʊnd/

    “She likes to expound her theory.”

  29. postulate/ˈpɒs.tjə.leɪt/

    “Some scientists postulate a new cause.”

  30. connote/kəˈnəʊt/

    “Such words connote great wealth.”

  31. presuppose/ˌpriː.səˈpəʊz/

    “These plans presuppose good weather.”

  32. emanate/ˈem.ə.neɪt/

    “Light seems to emanate from the stone.”

  33. permeate/ˈpɜː.mi.eɪt/

    “Fear and doubt permeate the novel.”

  34. epitomise/ɪˈpɪt.ə.maɪz/

    “Such people epitomise hard work.”

  35. exacerbate/ɪɡˈzæs.ə.beɪt/

    “The delay will exacerbate the problem.”

  36. alleviate/əˈliː.vi.eɪt/

    “These drugs alleviate the pain.”

  37. respective/rɪˈspek.tɪv/

    “They went to their respective homes.”

  38. nominal/ˈnɒm.ɪ.nəl/

    “There is only a nominal fee.”

  39. ostensible/ɒsˈten.sɪ.bəl/

    “The ostensible reason was money.”

  40. requisite/ˈrek.wɪ.zɪt/

    “She has the requisite skills.”

  41. pursuant/pəˈsjuː.ənt/

    “Pursuant to the law, he was fined.”

  42. concerning/kənˈsɜː.nɪŋ/

    “Questions concerning the budget arose.”

  43. thereafter/ˌðeərˈɑːf.tə/

    “He left, and thereafter all went quiet.”

  44. irrespective/ˌɪr.ɪˈspek.tɪv/

    “All are welcome, irrespective of age.”

  45. promulgate/ˈprɒm.əl.ɡeɪt/

    “Governments often promulgate new laws.”

  46. enumerate/ɪˈnjuː.mə.reɪt/

    “Let me enumerate the main points.”

  47. espouse/ɪˈspaʊz/

    “They espouse traditional values.”

  48. supersede/ˌsuː.pəˈsiːd/

    “New models supersede the old ones.”

  49. preside/prɪˈzaɪd/

    “A judge will preside over the trial.”

  50. convene/kənˈviːn/

    “The committee will convene tomorrow.”

  51. adjourn/əˈdʒɜːn/

    “We will adjourn until Monday.”

  52. ratify/ˈræt.ɪ.faɪ/

    “Both sides must ratify the treaty.”

  53. rescind/rɪˈsɪnd/

    “They decided to rescind the offer.”

  54. waive/weɪv/

    “The bank agreed to waive the fee.”

  55. forgo/fɔːˈɡəʊ/

    “She chose to forgo her bonus.”

  56. thereupon/ˌðeərˈʌp.ɒn/

    “He signed, and thereupon left.”

  57. henceforward/ˌhensˈfɔː.wəd/

    “Henceforward the gates close at dusk.”

  58. aforesaid/əˈfɔː.sed/

    “The aforesaid clause is now void.”

  59. notwithstanding the above/ˌnɒt.wɪðˈstæn.dɪŋ/

    “Notwithstanding the above, we agree.”

  60. herein/ˌhɪərˈɪn/

    “The terms set out herein are final.”