Formal & Academic Register — C1 English Vocabulary
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This C1 vocabulary list gathers 60 advanced English words about formal & academic register — the language of essays, law and officialdom. Every word comes with its British-English pronunciation and a natural example sentence, so you learn each one in real context. When you are ready, open the flashcards to practise and remember them for good.
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henceforth/ˌhensˈfɔːθ/
“Henceforth, all reports must be digital.”
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heretofore/ˌhɪə.tuːˈfɔː/
“Heretofore, the rule was rarely enforced.”
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notwithstanding/ˌnɒt.wɪðˈstæn.dɪŋ/
“Notwithstanding the cost, they proceeded.”
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albeit/ɔːlˈbiː.ɪt/
“It was a success, albeit a modest one.”
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hereby/ˌhɪəˈbaɪ/
“I hereby declare the meeting open.”
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aforementioned/əˌfɔːˈmen.ʃənd/
“The aforementioned points still stand.”
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pertaining/pəˈteɪ.nɪŋ/
“Documents pertaining to the case were lost.”
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thereof/ˌðeərˈɒv/
“The contract and the terms thereof apply.”
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whereby/weəˈbaɪ/
“It is a system whereby everyone benefits.”
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wherein/weərˈɪn/
“A situation wherein no one wins.”
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insofar/ˌɪn.səʊˈfɑː/
“Insofar as I know, it is true.”
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forthwith/ˌfɔːθˈwɪð/
“Payment is due forthwith.”
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hitherto/ˌhɪð.əˈtuː/
“Hitherto unknown facts emerged.”
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ascertain/ˌæs.əˈteɪn/
“We must ascertain the facts.”
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stipulate/ˈstɪp.jə.leɪt/
“The rules stipulate a dress code.”
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delineate/dɪˈlɪn.i.eɪt/
“These notes delineate the plan.”
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expedite/ˈek.spə.daɪt/
“We will expedite your request.”
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endeavour/ɪnˈdev.ə/
“We endeavour to help all clients.”
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commence/kəˈmens/
“The ceremony will commence at noon.”
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cease/siːs/
“All work must cease by five.”
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purport/pəˈpɔːt/
“The documents purport to be genuine.”
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construe/kənˈstruː/
“His silence was hard to construe.”
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preclude/prɪˈkluːd/
“Illness may preclude his attendance.”
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necessitate/nəˈses.ɪ.teɪt/
“The change will necessitate training.”
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substantiate/səbˈstæn.ʃi.eɪt/
“He could not substantiate the claim.”
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corroborate/kəˈrɒb.ə.reɪt/
“Two witnesses corroborate the story.”
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elucidate/ɪˈluː.sɪ.deɪt/
“Please elucidate your reasoning.”
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expound/ɪkˈspaʊnd/
“She likes to expound her theory.”
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postulate/ˈpɒs.tjə.leɪt/
“Some scientists postulate a new cause.”
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connote/kəˈnəʊt/
“Such words connote great wealth.”
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presuppose/ˌpriː.səˈpəʊz/
“These plans presuppose good weather.”
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emanate/ˈem.ə.neɪt/
“Light seems to emanate from the stone.”
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permeate/ˈpɜː.mi.eɪt/
“Fear and doubt permeate the novel.”
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epitomise/ɪˈpɪt.ə.maɪz/
“Such people epitomise hard work.”
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exacerbate/ɪɡˈzæs.ə.beɪt/
“The delay will exacerbate the problem.”
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alleviate/əˈliː.vi.eɪt/
“These drugs alleviate the pain.”
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respective/rɪˈspek.tɪv/
“They went to their respective homes.”
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nominal/ˈnɒm.ɪ.nəl/
“There is only a nominal fee.”
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ostensible/ɒsˈten.sɪ.bəl/
“The ostensible reason was money.”
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requisite/ˈrek.wɪ.zɪt/
“She has the requisite skills.”
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pursuant/pəˈsjuː.ənt/
“Pursuant to the law, he was fined.”
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concerning/kənˈsɜː.nɪŋ/
“Questions concerning the budget arose.”
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thereafter/ˌðeərˈɑːf.tə/
“He left, and thereafter all went quiet.”
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irrespective/ˌɪr.ɪˈspek.tɪv/
“All are welcome, irrespective of age.”
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promulgate/ˈprɒm.əl.ɡeɪt/
“Governments often promulgate new laws.”
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enumerate/ɪˈnjuː.mə.reɪt/
“Let me enumerate the main points.”
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espouse/ɪˈspaʊz/
“They espouse traditional values.”
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supersede/ˌsuː.pəˈsiːd/
“New models supersede the old ones.”
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preside/prɪˈzaɪd/
“A judge will preside over the trial.”
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convene/kənˈviːn/
“The committee will convene tomorrow.”
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adjourn/əˈdʒɜːn/
“We will adjourn until Monday.”
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ratify/ˈræt.ɪ.faɪ/
“Both sides must ratify the treaty.”
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rescind/rɪˈsɪnd/
“They decided to rescind the offer.”
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waive/weɪv/
“The bank agreed to waive the fee.”
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forgo/fɔːˈɡəʊ/
“She chose to forgo her bonus.”
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thereupon/ˌðeərˈʌp.ɒn/
“He signed, and thereupon left.”
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henceforward/ˌhensˈfɔː.wəd/
“Henceforward the gates close at dusk.”
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aforesaid/əˈfɔː.sed/
“The aforesaid clause is now void.”
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notwithstanding the above/ˌnɒt.wɪðˈstæn.dɪŋ/
“Notwithstanding the above, we agree.”
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herein/ˌhɪərˈɪn/
“The terms set out herein are final.”