Reason & Abstraction — C1 English Vocabulary
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This C1 vocabulary list gathers 60 advanced English words about reason & abstraction — high-level thinking, insight and logic. Every word comes with its British-English pronunciation and a natural example sentence, so you learn each one in real context. When you are ready, open the flashcards to practise and remember them for good.
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rationality/ˌræʃ.əˈnæl.ɪ.ti/
“He prizes rationality above all.”
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cognisance/ˈkɒɡ.nɪ.zəns/
“She took cognisance of the facts.”
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discernment/dɪˈsɜːn.mənt/
“He shows great discernment.”
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acumen/ˈæk.jə.mən/
“She has real business acumen.”
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sagacity/səˈɡæs.ɪ.ti/
“His sagacity impressed them.”
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perspicacity/ˌpɜː.spɪˈkæs.ɪ.ti/
“Her perspicacity is rare.”
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conjecture/kənˈdʒek.tʃə/
“It is pure conjecture.”
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extrapolate/ɪkˈstræp.ə.leɪt/
“We can extrapolate from the data.”
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surmise/səˈmaɪz/
“I surmise that he left early.”
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cogitate/ˈkɒdʒ.ɪ.teɪt/
“He sat down to cogitate.”
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mull/mʌl/
“Let me mull it over.”
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sagacious/səˈɡeɪ.ʃəs/
“He gave sagacious advice.”
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discerning/dɪˈsɜː.nɪŋ/
“She is a discerning critic.”
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judicious/dʒuːˈdɪʃ.əs/
“He made a judicious choice.”
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circumspect/ˈsɜː.kəm.spekt/
“Be circumspect with strangers.”
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prudence/ˈpruː.dəns/
“Financial prudence is wise.”
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foresight/ˈfɔː.saɪt/
“She showed great foresight.”
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hindsight/ˈhaɪnd.saɪt/
“In hindsight, it was a mistake.”
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epiphany/ɪˈpɪf.ən.i/
“He had a sudden epiphany.”
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apprehend/ˌæp.rɪˈhend/
“It is hard to apprehend the scale.”
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abstruse/æbˈstruːs/
“The theory is abstruse.”
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esoteric/ˌes.əˈter.ɪk/
“It is an esoteric subject.”
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opaque/əʊˈpeɪk/
“His writing is opaque.”
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lucidity/luːˈsɪd.ɪ.ti/
“She explained with great lucidity.”
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cogency/ˈkəʊ.dʒən.si/
“The cogency of his case won them over.”
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axiomatic/ˌæk.si.əˈmæt.ɪk/
“It is treated as axiomatic.”
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connotation/ˌkɒn.əˈteɪ.ʃən/
“The word has a negative connotation.”
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construct/ˈkɒn.strʌkt/
“Race is a social construct.”
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schema/ˈskiː.mə/
“He built a mental schema.”
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dissect/daɪˈsekt/
“Critics dissect every line.”
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appraise/əˈpreɪz/
“Experts appraise the painting.”
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delve/delv/
“She likes to delve into history.”
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philosophise/fɪˈlɒs.ə.faɪz/
“He likes to philosophise about life.”
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underpinning/ˌʌn.dəˈpɪn.ɪŋ/
“What is the underpinning of this claim?”
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soundness/ˈsaʊnd.nəs/
“Nobody doubts the soundness of the plan.”
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rigour/ˈrɪɡ.ə/
“The proof lacks rigour.”
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cerebral/ˈser.ə.brəl/
“It is a very cerebral film.”
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erudite/ˈer.ʊ.daɪt/
“She is an erudite scholar.”
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learned/ˈlɜː.nɪd/
“He is a learned professor.”
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knowledgeable/ˈnɒl.ɪ.dʒə.bəl/
“She is very knowledgeable.”
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internalise/ɪnˈtɜː.nəl.aɪz/
“Try to internalise the rules.”
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inductive/ɪnˈdʌk.tɪv/
“She used inductive reasoning.”
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presupposition/ˌpriː.sʌp.əˈzɪʃ.ən/
“The plan rests on a presupposition.”
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tangential/tænˈdʒen.ʃəl/
“His point was tangential.”
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pertinence/ˈpɜː.tɪ.nəns/
“I question its pertinence.”
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elucidation/ɪˌluː.sɪˈdeɪ.ʃən/
“We need further elucidation.”
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rumination/ˌruː.mɪˈneɪ.ʃən/
“After much rumination, he agreed.”
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discernible/dɪˈsɜː.nə.bəl/
“There was no discernible change.”
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rationalism/ˈræʃ.ən.əl.ɪ.zəm/
“He is a champion of rationalism.”
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acuity/əˈkjuː.ɪ.ti/
“Her mental acuity is sharp.”
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conjectural/kənˈdʒek.tʃər.əl/
“The link is conjectural.”
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intelligible/ɪnˈtel.ɪ.dʒə.bəl/
“His notes are barely intelligible.”
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methodical/məˈθɒd.ɪ.kəl/
“She is methodical in her work.”
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meditative/ˈmed.ɪ.tə.tɪv/
“He was in a meditative mood.”
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circumspection/ˌsɜː.kəmˈspek.ʃən/
“He acted with circumspection.”
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notional/ˈnəʊ.ʃən.əl/
“It is only a notional figure.”
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revelation/ˌrev.əˈleɪ.ʃən/
“The book was a revelation.”
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objectively/əbˈdʒek.tɪv.li/
“Try to look at it objectively.”
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decipher/dɪˈsaɪ.fə/
“I cannot decipher his handwriting.”
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contemplation/ˌkɒn.təmˈpleɪ.ʃən/
“She sat in quiet contemplation.”