Law & Justice — C1 English Vocabulary
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This C1 vocabulary list gathers 60 advanced English words about law & justice — higher courts, rights and redress. Every word comes with its British-English pronunciation and a natural example sentence, so you learn each one in real context. When you are ready, open the flashcards to practise and remember them for good.
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jurisprudence/ˌdʒʊə.rɪsˈpruː.dəns/
“She studies jurisprudence.”
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litigant/ˈlɪt.ɪ.ɡənt/
“Each litigant hired a lawyer.”
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claimant/ˈkleɪ.mənt/
“The claimant won damages.”
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arbitration/ˌɑː.bɪˈtreɪ.ʃən/
“The dispute went to arbitration.”
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adjudicate/əˈdʒuː.dɪ.keɪt/
“A panel will adjudicate the claim.”
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indictment/ɪnˈdaɪt.mənt/
“He faces a serious indictment.”
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indict/ɪnˈdaɪt/
“They may indict the official.”
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exonerate/ɪɡˈzɒn.ə.reɪt/
“New facts exonerate the accused.”
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incriminate/ɪnˈkrɪm.ɪ.neɪt/
“The letter could incriminate him.”
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culpable/ˈkʌl.pə.bəl/
“The driver was culpable.”
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culpability/ˌkʌl.pəˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/
“The court weighed his culpability.”
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mitigating/ˈmɪt.ɪ.ɡeɪ.tɪŋ/
“There were mitigating circumstances.”
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precedent/ˈpres.ɪ.dənt/
“The ruling set a precedent.”
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tort/tɔːt/
“It is a matter of tort law.”
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subpoena/səˈpiː.nə/
“He received a subpoena.”
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affidavit/ˌæf.ɪˈdeɪ.vɪt/
“She signed an affidavit.”
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deposition/ˌdep.əˈzɪʃ.ən/
“The lawyer took a deposition.”
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plea bargain/ˈpliː ˌbɑː.ɡɪn/
“He accepted a plea bargain.”
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acquittal/əˈkwɪt.əl/
“The acquittal surprised everyone.”
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mistrial/ˌmɪsˈtraɪ.əl/
“The judge declared a mistrial.”
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appellate/əˈpel.ət/
“It went to the appellate court.”
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reprieve/rɪˈpriːv/
“The prisoner won a reprieve.”
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clemency/ˈklem.ən.si/
“He pleaded for clemency.”
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amnesty/ˈæm.nə.sti/
“The government offered an amnesty.”
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extradite/ˈek.strə.daɪt/
“They will extradite the suspect.”
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extradition/ˌek.strəˈdɪʃ.ən/
“An extradition request was filed.”
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venue/ˈven.juː/
“The trial venue was changed.”
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impeachment/ɪmˈpiːtʃ.mənt/
“The impeachment failed.”
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defamatory/dɪˈfæm.ə.tər.i/
“The article was defamatory.”
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slander/ˈslɑːn.də/
“She sued for slander.”
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libel/ˈlaɪ.bəl/
“The paper was guilty of libel.”
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negligence/ˈneɡ.lɪ.dʒəns/
“The case turned on negligence.”
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indemnity/ɪnˈdem.nɪ.ti/
“The contract includes an indemnity.”
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restitution/ˌres.tɪˈtjuː.ʃən/
“The court ordered restitution.”
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damages/ˈdæm.ɪ.dʒɪz/
“He was awarded heavy damages.”
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judiciary/dʒuːˈdɪʃ.ər.i/
“The judiciary must stay independent.”
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legislator/ˈledʒ.ɪ.sleɪ.tə/
“Each legislator gets one vote.”
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constitutional/ˌkɒn.stɪˈtjuː.ʃən.əl/
“It raises a constitutional question.”
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unconstitutional/ˌʌn.kɒn.stɪˈtjuː.ʃən.əl/
“The law was ruled unconstitutional.”
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mandatory/ˈmæn.də.tər.i/
“There is a mandatory sentence.”
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binding/ˈbaɪn.dɪŋ/
“The contract is legally binding.”
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nullify/ˈnʌl.ɪ.faɪ/
“The court may nullify the deal.”
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arbitrary/ˈɑː.bɪ.trər.i/
“It was an arbitrary decision.”
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due process/ˌdjuː ˈprəʊ.ses/
“Everyone is entitled to due process.”
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habeas corpus/ˌheɪ.bi.əs ˈkɔː.pəs/
“They invoked habeas corpus.”
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malpractice/ˌmælˈpræk.tɪs/
“The doctor was sued for malpractice.”
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perpetrate/ˈpɜː.pə.treɪt/
“Who could perpetrate such a crime?”
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abscond/əbˈskɒnd/
“They may abscond with the funds.”
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embezzle/ɪmˈbez.əl/
“She tried to embezzle the cash.”
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extort/ɪkˈstɔːt/
“They attempted to extort money.”
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coerce/kəʊˈɜːs/
“They tried to coerce him into signing.”
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coercion/kəʊˈɜː.ʃən/
“The confession was made under coercion.”
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duress/djʊˈres/
“He acted under duress.”
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recidivism/rɪˈsɪd.ɪ.vɪ.zəm/
“The programme cut recidivism.”
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custodial/kʌsˈtəʊ.di.əl/
“He got a custodial sentence.”
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exemption/ɪɡˈzemp.ʃən/
“They claimed a tax exemption.”
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waiver/ˈweɪ.və/
“She signed a liability waiver.”
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covenant/ˈkʌv.ən.ənt/
“The deal included a covenant.”
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mediator/ˈmiː.di.eɪ.tə/
“A mediator helped them agree.”
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ruling/ˈruː.lɪŋ/
“The ruling pleased nobody.”