Science & Research — C1 English Vocabulary

This C1 vocabulary list gathers 60 advanced English words about science & research — advanced enquiry and discovery. Every word comes with its British-English pronunciation and a natural example sentence, so you learn each one in real context. When you are ready, open the flashcards to practise and remember them for good.

1. empiricism/ɪmˈpɪr.ɪ.sɪ.zəm/

   “Empiricism relies on observation.”

2. peer-reviewed/ˌpɪə rɪˈvjuːd/

   “It is a peer-reviewed journal.”

3. replicable/ˈrep.lɪ.kə.bəl/

   “The result must be replicable.”

4. falsifiable/ˌfɔːl.sɪˈfaɪ.ə.bəl/

   “A good theory is falsifiable.”

5. anomaly/əˈnɒm.ə.li/

   “The data showed an anomaly.”

6. parameter/pəˈræm.ɪ.tə/

   “We set each parameter carefully.”

7. quantifiable/ˈkwɒn.tɪ.faɪ.ə.bəl/

   “The benefit is not easily quantifiable.”

8. extrapolation/ɪkˌstræp.əˈleɪ.ʃən/

   “It is based on extrapolation.”

9. induction/ɪnˈdʌk.ʃən/

   “Science often relies on induction.”

10. paradigmatic/ˌpær.ə.dɪɡˈmæt.ɪk/

    “It was a paradigmatic shift.”

11. heuristic/hjʊəˈrɪs.tɪk/

    “They used a simple heuristic.”

12. algorithmic/ˌæl.ɡəˈrɪð.mɪk/

    “It is an algorithmic process.”

13. nanotechnology/ˌnæn.əʊ.tekˈnɒl.ə.dʒi/

    “Nanotechnology is advancing fast.”

14. biochemistry/ˌbaɪ.əʊˈkem.ɪ.stri/

    “She studies biochemistry.”

15. astrophysics/ˌæs.trəʊˈfɪz.ɪks/

    “He teaches astrophysics.”

16. neuroscience/ˈnjʊə.rəʊ.saɪ.əns/

    “Neuroscience explores the brain.”

17. taxonomy/tækˈsɒn.ə.mi/

    “Biologists use a strict taxonomy.”

18. photosynthesis/ˌfəʊ.təʊˈsɪn.θə.sɪs/

    “Plants live by photosynthesis.”

19. metabolism/məˈtæb.ə.lɪ.zəm/

    “Exercise speeds up metabolism.”

20. catalysis/kəˈtæl.ə.sɪs/

    “Catalysis lowers the energy needed.”

21. radioactive/ˌreɪ.di.əʊˈæk.tɪv/

    “The waste is radioactive.”

22. subatomic/ˌsʌb.əˈtɒm.ɪk/

    “They study subatomic particles.”

23. thermonuclear/ˌθɜː.məʊˈnjuː.kli.ə/

    “A thermonuclear reaction powers the sun.”

24. centrifuge/ˈsen.trɪ.fjuːdʒ/

    “The sample spun in a centrifuge.”

25. reagent/riˈeɪ.dʒənt/

    “They added a chemical reagent.”

26. petri dish/ˈpet.ri dɪʃ/

    “The bacteria grew in a petri dish.”

27. theorem/ˈθɪə.rəm/

    “He proved a famous theorem.”

28. empirically/ɪmˈpɪr.ɪ.kəl.i/

    “It is empirically proven.”

29. observational/ˌɒb.zəˈveɪ.ʃən.əl/

    “It was an observational study.”

30. longitudinal/ˌlɒn.dʒɪˈtjuː.dɪ.nəl/

    “They ran a longitudinal study.”

31. placebo/pləˈsiː.bəʊ/

    “Half the group got a placebo.”

32. statistical/stəˈtɪs.tɪ.kəl/

    “The link is statistical.”

33. probabilistic/ˌprɒb.ə.bɪˈlɪs.tɪk/

    “The model is probabilistic.”

34. deterministic/dɪˌtɜː.mɪˈnɪs.tɪk/

    “Physics once seemed deterministic.”

35. quantum mechanics/ˌkwɒn.təm məˈkæn.ɪks/

    “Quantum mechanics is baffling.”

36. relativity/ˌrel.əˈtɪv.ɪ.ti/

    “Einstein’s relativity changed physics.”

37. cosmology/kɒzˈmɒl.ə.dʒi/

    “Cosmology studies the universe.”

38. genome/ˈdʒiː.nəʊm/

    “They mapped the human genome.”

39. mutation/mjuːˈteɪ.ʃən/

    “A single mutation caused it.”

40. pathogen/ˈpæθ.ə.dʒən/

    “The pathogen spreads in water.”

41. antibody/ˈæn.ti.bɒd.i/

    “The body makes an antibody.”

42. stem cell/ˈstem sel/

    “Stem cell research is promising.”

43. assay/əˈseɪ/

    “They ran a blood assay.”

44. fission/ˈfɪʃ.ən/

    “Nuclear fission releases energy.”

45. plasma/ˈplæz.mə/

    “The sun is made of plasma.”

46. spectroscopy/spekˈtrɒs.kə.pi/

    “Spectroscopy reveals the elements.”

47. calibration/ˌkæl.ɪˈbreɪ.ʃən/

    “The device needs calibration.”

48. methodological/ˌmeθ.ə.dəˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl/

    “There was a methodological flaw.”

49. interdisciplinary/ˌɪn.tə.dɪs.əˈplɪn.ər.i/

    “It is interdisciplinary research.”

50. modelling/ˈmɒd.əl.ɪŋ/

    “Climate modelling is complex.”

51. datum/ˈdeɪ.təm/

    “Each datum was checked twice.”

52. null hypothesis/ˌnʌl haɪˈpɒθ.ə.sɪs/

    “They rejected the null hypothesis.”

53. treatise/ˈtriː.tɪs/

    “He wrote a long treatise.”

54. serendipity/ˌser.ənˈdɪp.ɪ.ti/

    “The find was pure serendipity.”

55. quantitatively/ˈkwɒn.tɪ.tə.tɪv.li/

    “They measured it quantitatively.”

56. proof/pruːf/

    “He offered a rigorous proof.”

57. enzymatic/ˌen.zaɪˈmæt.ɪk/

    “It is an enzymatic reaction.”

58. distillation/ˌdɪs.tɪˈleɪ.ʃən/

    “Distillation purifies the liquid.”

59. inoculate/ɪˈnɒk.jə.leɪt/

    “Doctors inoculate against the disease.”

60. fieldwork/ˈfiːld.wɜːk/

    “She did fieldwork in the Amazon.”