Society & Class — C1 English Vocabulary
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- #Examples
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This C1 vocabulary list gathers 60 advanced English words about society & class — status, structure and social forces. Every word comes with its British-English pronunciation and a natural example sentence, so you learn each one in real context. When you are ready, open the flashcards to practise and remember them for good.
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bourgeoisie/ˌbʊə.ʒwɑːˈziː/
“The bourgeoisie grew rich.”
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proletariat/ˌprəʊ.lɪˈteə.ri.ət/
“The proletariat had no land.”
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gentry/ˈdʒen.tri/
“The local gentry owned estates.”
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stratification/ˌstræt.ɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/
“Social stratification is sharp.”
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meritocracy/ˌmer.ɪˈtɒk.rə.si/
“They believe in meritocracy.”
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egalitarian/ɪˌɡæl.ɪˈteə.ri.ən/
“It is an egalitarian society.”
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social mobility/ˌsəʊ.ʃəl məʊˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/
“Social mobility has stalled.”
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upward/ˈʌp.wəd/
“She made an upward move.”
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downtrodden/ˈdaʊn.trɒd.ən/
“The downtrodden had no voice.”
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affluent/ˈæf.lu.ənt/
“They live in an affluent suburb.”
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deprived/dɪˈpraɪvd/
“It is a deprived area.”
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disparity/dɪˈspær.ɪ.ti/
“Income disparity is widening.”
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polarisation/ˌpəʊ.lər.aɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/
“Political polarisation grew.”
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marginalised/ˈmɑː.dʒɪn.əl.aɪzd/
“Marginalised groups need support.”
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ostracise/ˈɒs.trə.saɪz/
“They tried to ostracise him.”
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conformity/kənˈfɔː.mɪ.ti/
“Society demands conformity.”
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nonconformist/ˌnɒn.kənˈfɔː.mɪst/
“She is a proud nonconformist.”
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subjugation/ˌsʌb.dʒəˈɡeɪ.ʃən/
“Years of subjugation followed.”
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emancipate/ɪˈmæn.sɪ.peɪt/
“Reforms aim to emancipate workers.”
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elitism/ɪˈliː.tɪ.zəm/
“He was accused of elitism.”
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privilege/ˈprɪv.əl.ɪdʒ/
“It was a sign of privilege.”
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status quo/ˌsteɪ.təs ˈkwəʊ/
“They defend the status quo.”
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mores/ˈmɔː.reɪz/
“Social mores change slowly.”
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zeitgeist/ˈzaɪt.ɡaɪst/
“The film captured the zeitgeist.”
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demographics/ˌdem.əˈɡræf.ɪks/
“The demographics are shifting.”
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gentrification/ˌdʒen.trɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/
“Gentrification pushed out locals.”
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metropolitan/ˌmet.rəˈpɒl.ɪ.tən/
“It is a metropolitan area.”
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parochial/pəˈrəʊ.ki.əl/
“His outlook is parochial.”
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insular/ˈɪn.sjə.lə/
“The village is insular.”
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collective/kəˈlek.tɪv/
“They made a collective decision.”
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individualism/ˌɪn.dɪˈvɪdʒ.u.ə.lɪ.zəm/
“American individualism is famous.”
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fraternity/frəˈtɜː.nɪ.ti/
“There is a sense of fraternity.”
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clan/klæn/
“Loyalty to the clan is strong.”
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tribe/traɪb/
“The tribe has ancient customs.”
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caste/kɑːst/
“The caste system shaped society.”
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patriarch/ˈpeɪ.tri.ɑːk/
“The old patriarch ruled the family.”
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matriarch/ˈmeɪ.tri.ɑːk/
“The matriarch made all decisions.”
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patriarchy/ˈpeɪ.tri.ɑː.ki/
“Critics attack the patriarchy.”
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feminist/ˈfem.ɪ.nɪst/
“She is a noted feminist.”
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suffragette/ˌsʌf.rəˈdʒet/
“The suffragette demanded the vote.”
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emancipated/ɪˈmæn.sɪ.peɪ.tɪd/
“Women became more emancipated.”
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underrepresented/ˌʌn.də.rep.rɪˈzen.tɪd/
“They are underrepresented in law.”
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cohesive/kəʊˈhiː.sɪv/
“It is a cohesive community.”
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fragmentation/ˌfræɡ.menˈteɪ.ʃən/
“Social fragmentation worries leaders.”
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alienation/ˌeɪ.li.əˈneɪ.ʃən/
“He felt deep alienation.”
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civic/ˈsɪv.ɪk/
“She has a strong civic sense.”
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populace/ˈpɒp.jə.ləs/
“The populace demanded change.”
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citizenry/ˈsɪt.ɪ.zən.ri/
“The citizenry turned out to vote.”
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underdog/ˈʌn.də.dɒɡ/
“Everyone roots for the underdog.”
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nouveau riche/ˌnuː.vəʊ ˈriːʃ/
“He is dismissed as nouveau riche.”
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aristocrat/ˈær.ɪ.stə.kræt/
“She married an aristocrat.”
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plutocracy/pluːˈtɒk.rə.si/
“Critics call it a plutocracy.”
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social fabric/ˌsəʊ.ʃəl ˈfæb.rɪk/
“Trust holds the social fabric together.”
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cohort/ˈkəʊ.hɔːt/
“A new cohort enrolled.”
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peer pressure/ˈpɪə ˌpreʃ.ə/
“Teenagers face peer pressure.”
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ostracism/ˈɒs.trə.sɪ.zəm/
“He feared social ostracism.”
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milieu/ˈmiː.ljɜː/
“She thrived in that milieu.”
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social contract/ˌsəʊ.ʃəl ˈkɒn.trækt/
“It breaks the social contract.”
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philanthropist/fɪˈlæn.θrə.pɪst/
“A philanthropist funded the school.”
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societal/səˈsaɪ.ə.təl/
“It is a societal problem.”